Well you can exceed RMS Power for short periods of time, but not with a continuous signal. So if you play average music, you can usually run above RMS Power level quite happily in most instances, and with appropriate limiters in place, somewhere between RMS power and Music Power is generally a safe level. The AES standard – which is becoming the most commonly adopted standard. Previously many manufacturers used the EIA standard, re-ratings some speakers using AES saw increases in power ratings of 25%, sometimes more. One example we are aware of was a high power 18″ driver, which was previously rated at 600W, and had the power rating changed to 800W overnight – with no changes whatsoever to the speaker design. Displayed below is the on-axis measured frequency response of the 8NDL51 without any filters.
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Due to the size of the graphics, the form below will submit to a full page version of the calculator. You can select 1st order or 2nd order slopes, with the option of Linkwitz-Riley on 2nd order. This calculators works two ways, you can enter the frequencies and impedances and calculate the component values, or you can enter the component values to get the crossover frequencies and see the frequency response. This version also allows different impedance and frequency between Low Pass and High Pass, as well as different slopes.
Impedance and Resistance – what’s the difference?
There are also physical limitations with what can be achieved with passive crossovers, and as the overall system power is increased, passive crossovers become a less desirable solution. The process of measuring, trial and error testing, simulations, and repeated iterations can take anything from 15 mins to several hours for each crossover. It depends on how well the woofer and tweeter interact with each other, and whether different approaches offer suitable solutions. Sometimes things just don’t work, and wont work, and no amount of iterations gets a good result – this usually means the wrong drivers have been selected that just don’t want to work together.
Understanding Loudspeaker Review Measurements Part II
Both the mid andwoofer are designed to work in an enclosure of a specific size. If they are both in thesame chamber, like most cheap speaker systems, then the enclosure size for the mid willbe too large and performance will be lost. Also, the sound waves from the woofer canoverpower the mid and distort it. The tweeter is independently sealed and doesn't needit's own chamber.
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Joel is committed to providing accurate results that are comparable for each loudspeaker tested. In this project, we used 3/4” Balticbirch with a 3/4” MDF baffle and bottom plate. This was selected because the loudspeaker sides were subsequentlycovered with album covers and Lexan for a unique finish. The panels were cut using a table saw and allchamfering and circular cutouts were completed using a quality plungerouter. A circle-cutting jig is aworthwhile investment as it provides accurate results in short order.
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The bottomof this speaker is removable with weather stripping between the detachablebottom and the rest of the cabinet. Abottom firing port is attached to the bottom plate, which requires 2-3 inch longfeet or spikes for clearance. Althoughit is probably obvious, it is highly recommended to test fit everything beforefinal assembly.
A crossover is a device which splits sound/music into two or more frequency bands. In the case of a basic two-way system there would be two bands, one band covered by the woofer, and one by the tweeter. The last speaker in the series has it’s negative (-) terminal connected to the negative (-) terminal of the amplifier. As you can see, 3 drivers gives a combined parallel impedance of one third of the original impedance of 8 ohms, and 4 drivers gives a combined parallel impedance of one quarter of the original impedance. The second factor is power compression, a typical loudspeaker can lose 3-6 dB of volume once power compression kicks in.
you learn something worthwhile, then please let me know. My DIY projects are not
These impedance bumps are caused by natural resonant properties of the tweeter, and personally I find if the crossover point is too close to one of these bumps the sound is not particularly nice. So I try to keep the crossover points away from the impedance bumps. Again we have the same problem of not being sure what the impedance is at the crossover point, we have a peak of around 10.5 ohms just below 3khz, dropping down to 7.5 ohms and then slowly rising again. This is why impedances are stated as ‘nominal’ – they are just a vague average over the operating frequency range.
Building a Do-It-Yourself Loudspeaker Design
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Just realize that depending on thelevel of completion, you may still have to build a cabinet, solder a crossoverand troubleshoot inevitable issues. Inalmost all cases, the sale of a completed DIY speaker will not return the costof the parts of the project. If you arewilling to accept these risks then there is definitely something rewardingabout telling people that you built the great sounding loudspeakers sitting inyour living room. I have built a fewspeakers designed by others and have found all of them to sound far better thananything I had heard in the same price range.
You need to apply more power to increase speed, but wind resistance keeps increasing too, so you have to apply even more power. Aside from improving construction materials, manufacturers are also refining designs to maximise heat transfer away from the voice oil, this also contributes to the increases in power handling capacity we are experiencing. A good quality driver, with low power compression at its full rated power, could be 3-4 dB louder than a driver that suffers badly from power compression. Many modern designs are taking account of this, and making efforts to ensure driver cooling is maximised to counter the effects of power compression. Thousands of years before we had amplified music, bass frequencies, and how we reacted them, could have been critical to our survival.
Something often overlooked, but I believe to be an important part of designing, building and configuring loudspeakers systems is understanding some of the basics of the human ear, and the effects of sound on the human body. This article is intended as a brief introduction, and is by no means exhaustive. This design isn’t intended for massive bass response, but you can get sensible levels of bass down to around 50-60Hz at medium volume with the cabinet tuned right. For best results at higher volumes you would need a separate subwoofer.
Why not hang around for a while, learn how it all works and have a go at designing your own to share with the community? We also host a library of user submitted information including old catalogs, manuals, and various other P.A. Founded in 2007, Gear Patrol is the definitive buying guide for enthusiasts. Our independent experts test the best in cars, tech, home, outdoors, style and watches. We combine hands-on testing, decades of experience and original photography to craft reports, reviews and guides.
A magnetostatic driver ditches the copper voice coil and cone used in its dynamic counterpart in favor of metal strips bonded directly to a membrane. Magnetic strips are then placed behind this membrane to create a static magnetic field. As audio frequency currents are run through the conducting metal strips in the membrane, the forces of attraction and repulsion between the metallic bands and the permanent magnets cause the entire membrane to move, creating sound.
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